Characteristics of patients with successful recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b-3) stratified by early neurological deterioration
| Characteristics | Total (n=703) | No END (n=561) | END (n=142) | P-value |
| Baseline patient characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 72 (62–80) | 72 (62–80) | 73 (62–81) | 0.32 |
| Male sex | 355 (50%) | 287 (51%) | 68 (48%) | 0.49 |
| Prestroke mRS | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.041 |
| NIHSS at admission | 4 (2–5) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (1–4) | 0.006 |
| Hypertension | 529 (75%) | 414 (74%) | 115 (81%) | 0.076 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 147 (21%) | 109 (19%) | 38 (27%) | 0.051 |
| Dyslipidemia | 317 (45%) | 252 (45%) | 65 (46%) | 0.81 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 254 (36%) | 211 (38%) | 43 (30%) | 0.098 |
| Time from symptom onset/last seen well to admission (min) | 180 (79–395) | 173 (77–380) | 199 (87–408) | 0.39 |
| Imaging characteristics | ||||
| ASPECTS | 9 (8–10) | 9 (8–10) | 10 (8–10) | 0.81 |
| Occlusion site | ||||
| Left hemispheric stroke | 384 (55%) | 304 (54%) | 80 (56%) | 0.65 |
| Intracranial ICA | 78 (11%) | 54 (10%) | 24 (17%) | 0.014 |
| M1 | 308 (44%) | 241 (43%) | 67 (47%) | 0.36 |
| M2 | 317 (45%) | 266 (47%) | 51 (36%) | 0.014 |
| Treatment characteristics | ||||
| Administration of tPA | 291 (41%) | 243 (43%) | 48 (34%) | 0.046 |
| Time from admission to groin puncture (min) | 80 (54–120) | 79 (54–115) | 89 (56–240) | 0.003 |
| General anesthesia | 456 (67%) | 347 (64%) | 109 (78%) | 0.002 |
| Number of passes | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | <0.001 |
| TICI 2b | 268 (38%) | 211 (38%) | 57 (40%) | 0.58 |
| TICI 3 | 435 (62%) | 350 (62%) | 85 (60%) | 0.58 |
| Adverse event during treatment | 118 (17%) | 79 (14%) | 39 (28%) | <0.001 |
| Vasospasm | 39 (6%) | 32 (6%) | 7 (5%) | 0.72 |
| Clot migration and embolization | 24 (3%) | 16 (3%) | 8 (6%) | 0.10 |
| Dissection or perforation | 18 (3%) | 10 (2%) | 8 (6%) | 0.009 |
| Follow-up characteristics | ||||
| 24-hour NIHSS | 2 (1–6) | 2 (1–3) | 12 (8–19) | <0.001 |
| Groin hematoma after 24 hours | 10 (1%) | 9 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0.42 |
| ICH after 24 hours | 66 (9%) | 38 (7%) | 28 (20%) | <0.001 |
| Recurrent stroke | 30 (4%) | 21 (4%) | 9 (6%) | 0.17 |
| Outcome characteristics | ||||
| mRS score at 90-day follow-up | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–2) | 3 (2–5) | <0.001 |
| mRS score 0–1 | 395 (56%) | 362 (65%) | 33 (23%) | <0.001 |
| mRS score 0–2 | 502 (71%) | 446 (80%) | 56 (39%) | <0.001 |
| mRS score 5–6 | 81 (12%) | 38 (7%) | 43 (30%) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) for continuous measures, and n (%) for categorical measures. Characteristics were compared by using either Mann–Whitney U test (1) for continuous variables or a chi-square test (2) for categorical variables. Statistical significance: p<0.05.
ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; END, early neurological deterioration; ICA, internal carotid artery; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TICI, Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.