Table 2

Clinical data for illustrative cases of pediatric jugular compression syndrome

PtAge/sexDominant venous system R/LCompression mechanismSymptomsDiagnosis
1Teenage/MRMild to moderate bilateral osseous:
transverse process of C1 and styloid process
Severe bilateral musculotendinous: scalene/omohyoid
Headaches associated with declining scholastic and athletic performance, aggravated by head extension and left lateral head tiltProvocative head maneuvers increase venous pressure gradient from 4 mmHg to 10 mmHg
2Teenage/MLSevere bilateral osseous: hypertrophic transverse processes of C1 and styloid processes
Mild to moderate right and severe left musculotendinous: scalene/omohyoid
Headaches and brain fog aggravated by rotation of head to rightProvocative head maneuvers increase venous pressure gradient from 3 mmHg to 10 mmHg
3Teenage/MBSevere bilateral osseous: hypertrophic transverse process of C1 and styloid processHeadaches and vertigo aggravated by leftward head rotation and extensionProvocative head maneuvers increase venous pressure gradient from 3 mmHg to 10 mmHg